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Silver Bulletin e-News Magazine
Section 4: Disease News & Information
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Melanoma
Melanoma
is a very serious form of skin cancer. It begins in melanocytes—
cells that make the skin pigment called melanin. Although melanoma
accounts for only about 4% of all skin cancer cases, it causes most
skin cancer-related deaths. The good news is that melanoma is often
curable if it is detected and treated in its early stages.
In men, melanoma is found most often on the area between the shoulders
and hips or on the head and neck. In women, melanoma often develops
on the lower legs. It may also appear under the fingernails or toenails
or on the palms or soles. The chance of developing melanoma increases
with age, but it affects all age groups and is one of the most common
cancers in young adults.
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How Common Is Melanoma?
The number of new melanomas diagnosed in the United States is increasing.
Since 1973, the rate of new melanomas diagnosed per year has more
than doubled from 6 per 100,000 to 14 per 100,000.
The American Cancer Society estimates that about 51,400 new melanomas
will be diagnosed in the United States during 2001. About 7,800
Cancer Statistics deaths will be attributed to malignant melanoma
in 2001.1
How Does Melanoma Develop?
When melanoma starts in the skin, it is called cutaneous melanoma.
Melanoma may also occur in the eye (ocular melanoma or intraocular
melanoma) and, rarely, in other areas where melanocytes are found,
such as the digestive tract, meninges, or lymph nodes. When melanoma
spreads (metastasizes), cancer cells are also found in the lymph
nodes and possibly also other parts of the body, such as the liver,
lungs, or brain. In these cases, the cancer cells are still melanoma
cells, and the disease is called metastatic melanoma.
What Causes
Melanoma?
The main cause of melanoma is thought to be related to spending
too much time in the sun, which results in exposure to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. People with fair skin and who tend to sunburn easily
— especially those with red or blond hair — may be at greatest risk
because their skin cells have less melanin. Anyone who is exposed
to large amounts of sunlight (such as a person who works outdoors,
or who lives in areas where sunlight is very strong, like the American
Southwest) is at a higher risk.
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